Comparison of three surgical fixation methods for fracture of distal radial metaphyseal diaphyseal junction in children / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the effects of anterograde elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN-A), retrograde K-wires fixation (KW-R) and retrograde precision shaping of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN-RPS) in the treatment of fractures of distal radial metaphyseal diaphyseal junction (DRMDJ) in children.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 112 eligible children with DRMDJ fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Anhui Medical University and Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Fuyang City,Anhui Medical University, from January 2016 to May 2022. There were 64 males and 48 females, with an age of (8.4±2.3) years. The children were divided into 3 groups according to different surgical fixation methods: group ESIN-A of 36 cases, group KW-R of 52 cases, and group ESIN-RPS of 24 cases. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, fluoroscopy times, alignment rates and residual angulations by the anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films immediately after reduction were compared among the 3 groups. The Gartland-Werley evaluation of wrist function and complications were compared at the last follow-up.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general data among the 3 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). In the operation time, group KW-R [(71.2±9.2) min] > group ESIN-A [(65.1±13.1) min] > group ESIN-RPS [(51.7±17.1) min]; in the fluoroscopy times, group KW-R [(13.9±6.3) times] > group ESIN-A [(9.0±2.8) times] > group ESIN-RPS [(6.4±2.0) times]; in the alignment rates by the anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films immediately after reduction, group ESIN-RPS (93.1%±4.6% and 95.2%±3.3%) > group KW-R (82.1%±11.0% and 88.1%±7.4%) > group ESIN-A (80.4%±9.9% and 86.7%±6.9%); in the residual angulations by the anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films immediately after reduction, group ESIN-RPS (3.3°±1.8° and 2.9°±2.1°) < group ESIN-A (5.2°±1.0° and 5.0°±3.2°) < group KW-R (6.6°±1.6°and 7.5°±2.7°). Pairwise comparisons in the above items were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In group ESIN-A, the incision length [(1.8±0.3) cm] was significantlylonger than that in group ESIN-RPS [(1.4±0.2) cm], and the intraoperative blood loss [(8.3±2.2) mL] significantly larger than that in group ESIN-RPS [(5.5±1.6) mL] ( P<0.05). One year after operation, the excellent and good rate by the Gartland-Werley evaluation of wrist function in groups ESIN-RPS, ESIN-A and KW-R, respectively, were 95.8% (23/24), 86.5% (31/36) and 86.1% (46/52), showing no statistically significant difference between the 3 group ( P>0.05), and the major incidence of complications in group KW-R (25.0%, 13/52) and in group ESIN-A (25.0%, 9/36) were significantly higher than that in group ESIN-RPS (4.2%, 1/24) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of DRMDJ fractures in children, compared with ESIN-A and KW-R, ESIN-RPS is an effective choice due to its advantages of shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, less radiation, better alignment, and fewer complications.

Resultados clínicos del tratamiento de la metatarsalgia mecánica sin afectación del primer metatarsiano / Clinical results of treatment of mechanical metatarsalgia without first metatarsal involvement

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar los resultados clínicos de las metatarsalgias tratadas con osteotomías metafisarias metatarsales distales (DMMO) por vía percutánea. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo y continuo de 29 pacientes afectados de metatarsalgia mecánica aislada unilateral, intervenidas con una DMMO, con un seguimiento medio de 38 meses. La edad media de los pacientes fue 58 (rango: 50-67) años y sólo dos hombres. Utilizamos la escala AOFAS, anotamos la fórmula digital y metatarsiana sobre la radiografía. Registramos la valoración subjetiva del cirujano y del paciente al final del tratamiento. Resultados: La mejoría de la puntuación final superó los 80 puntos en todos los metatarsianos (p = 0.000), con una mejoría significativa del dolor (p = 0.000) y de las callosidades (p = 0.000), mejorando la estabilidad articular metatarso-falángica e interfalángica y la alineación de los metatarsianos. El tipo del calzado no cambió después de la cirugía, no encontramos variación de la movilidad, ni en las articulaciones metatarso-falángicas (p = 0.382), ni en las interfalángicas (p = 0.672). Después de la cirugía aumentaron los pies cuadrados (p = 0.027). La fórmula metatarsiana sufrió pocas modificaciones, 96% de los pacientes y de los cirujanos se mostraron «muy satisfechos¼ o «satisfechos¼. Conclusión: La DMMO consigue un alto grado de satisfacción en pacientes y también en el cirujano, elimina el dolor y la hiperqueratosis bajo la cabeza de los metatarsianos dolorosos que mejora significativamente la capacidad funcional de los pacientes.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical results of metatarsalgia treated with percutaneous distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomies (DMMO). Material and methods: Prospective and continuous study of 29 patients with isolated unilateral mechanical metatarsalgia, operated on with DMMO, with a mean follow-up of 38 months. The mean age of the patients was 58 (range: 50-67) years and only two men. We use the AOFAS score, we obtained the digital and metatarsal formulas on the X-rays. We record the subjective assessment of the surgeon and the patient at the end of the treatment. Results: The improvement in the final score exceeded 80 points in all cases (p = 0.000), with a significant improvement in pain (p = 0.000) and calluses (p = 0.000), improving metatarsal-phalangeal joint stability and interphalangeal and metatarsal alignment. The type of footwear did not change after surgery, we found no variation in mobility, neither in the metatarsophalangeal joints (p = 0.382), nor in the interphalangeal joints (p = 0.672). After surgery increased the square foot morphology (p = 0.027) but the metatarsal formula underwent few modifications. Patients and surgeons were in 96% of the cases «very satisfied¼ or «satisfied¼. Conclusion: DMMO achieves a high degree of satisfaction in patients and in the surgeon, pain and hyperkeratosis under the head of the painful metatarsals disappear and that significantly improves the functional capacity of patients.

Clinical observation of different surgical methods for metaphyseal sequelae of ulna / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and safety of ulnar osteochondroma resection, ulnar minimally invasive osteotomy, external fixation and ulnar lengthening in the treatment of forearm deformity of metaphyseal extension of ulna.@*METHODS@#From August 2005 to December 2013, there were 20 cases of ulnar metaphyseal sequelae, including 15 males and 5 females, aged from 7 to 13(10.00±2.34) years, the course of disease ranged for 6 to 11(8.10±1.52) months. The clinical manifestations were shortening of the affected forearm and bending to the ulnar side. The postoperative evaluation included pain, activities of daily living, orthopedic effect and the range of motion of wrist, elbow and forearm. The radiological evaluation included ulnar length, radial joint inclination angle and wrist epiphysis growth.@*RESULTS@#All patients healed without infection. The only operation related to complications was ulnar lengthening, including 1 case of nonunion, 2 cases of ulnar lengthening callus fracture and 1 case of temporary radial nerve palsy. All patients were followed up for 4 to 7.5 years, with an average of (6.03±1.33) years. There were statistically significant differences in changes of wrist radial deviation, ulnar deviation, forearm pronation and supination in all cases (@*CONCLUSION@#Ulnar lengthening is not beneficial to prevent the development of long-term deformity. Simple resection of osteochondroma of distal ulna is beneficial to prevent the development of deformity. Patients with limited rotation of wrist joint and forearm and strong demand for improvement of appearance can be actively treated.

Quick blocking screw insertion in closed reduction and intramedullary nailing for distal tibial metaphyseal fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To explore the technique and clinical efficacy of quick blocking screw insertion in closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nails for distal tibial metaphyseal fractures.Methods The data of 24 distal tibial metaphyseal fractures were retrospectively analyzed which had beentreated with closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nails from October 2013 to December2014 at Department of Orthopaedics,Zhoukou Central Hospital.They were 17 males and 7 females,with anaverage age of 39.7 years (from 21 to 60 years).There were 2 open fractures of Gustilo type Ⅰ.According toAO/OTA classification,3 cases belonged to type 42-A2,4 to type 42-A3,6 to type 42-B1,2 to type 42-B2,3 to type 42-B3,2 to type 42-C1,3 to type 42-C2,and 1 to type 42-C3.In the internal fixation with in-tramedullary nails,the varus or valgus malalignment of the distal tibia was corrected by manual reduction.According to the fracture type,a 3.0 mm Schanz pin was placed in the concave or convex side of deformityfirst and then gradually replaced by a 4.5 mm blocking screw to maintain reduction.The operation time,bleeding volume,fracture healing time,and complications (including infection,hardware loosening orbreakage,delayed union and nonunion) were recorded.The reduction quality and alignment were evaluated bypostoperative X-ray and CT 3D reconstruction.The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the final follow-up based on the Johner-Wruhs criteria.Results The 22 patients were followed up for a mean time of 35.5 months (from 24 to 48 months).The average operation time was 68.3 minutes (from 50 to 85 minutes),and the average bleeding volume was 95 mL (from 60 to 150 mL).One case of delayed union was healed after dynamic treatment.The average healing time was 3.9 months (from 3 to 8.5 months).No infection,hardware loosening or breakage,or malunion was observed.According to the Johner-Wrubs evaluation at the final follow-up,12 cases were excellent,10 good and 2 fair,giving an excellent to good rate of 91.7％.Conclusion In the closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nails for distal tibial metaphyseal fractures,the yarus or valgus malalignment of the distal fragment can be quickly corrected by manual reduction and quick insertion of a blocking screw to gradually replace a preceding Schanz pin.

Outcomes Of Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fractures (type 43a) By Locked Intramedullary Nailing. Outcomes From A Rural Set Up

Fractures in the distal tibial metaphysis are more complicated to treat than diaphyseal fractures. The treatment of distal metaphyseal tibial fractures remains controversial. This retrospective study was performed in a rural set up to review the outcomes of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures by locked intramedullary nailing and its outcome in rural setup.

The Usefulness of Blocking Screw in Intramedullary Nail of Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fracture / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of blocking screws in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures, who underwent intramedullary nailing treatment with blocking screws between January 2012 and December 2014 and had a minimum follow-up of 1 year, were retrospectively reviewed for analysis. There were 7 patients with open fracture and 4 patients with intra-articular fracture. The location of the blocking screws was previously determined according to the fracture pattern. Moreover, the preoperative and postoperative angular alignment was measured. Patients received regular postoperative radiographic check-up, and the time-to-bone union and the incidence of nonunion were recorded. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the modified functional Kalstrom-Olerud score. RESULTS: All fractures healed completely without nonunion at an average of 17.7 weeks. The mean coronal/sagittal alignment improved from 6.4/4.8 degrees preoperatively to 2.5/1.9 degrees postoperatively. The alignment was maintained until complete union. There were 3 cases of anterior knee pain but no complications related to the blocking screw and wound infection. Using a modified functional Karlstrom-Olerud score, the outcome was considered good to excellent in 83.4% of the patient cohort. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the blocking screws may help the maintenance of reduction and alignment in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing.

Osteosíntesis percutánea con placas volares bloqueadas en fracturas metafisarias distales de radio. Descripción de la técnica y resultados preliminares / Percutaneous volar locked plate fixation in metaphyseal fractures of distal radius. Technical description and preliminary results

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados objetivos y subjetivos obtenidos luego de una osteosíntesis con placas en T bloqueadas volares, colocadas mediante una técnica mínimamente invasiva, en fracturas de radio distal con extensión metafisaria. Materiales y Métodos: Evaluación retrospectiva de seis pacientes adultos que presentaron fracturas inestables de radio distal, extrarticulares o articulares parciales, con extensión metafisaria, tratadas quirúrgicamente con placas en T largas de compresión bloqueadas volares, mediante una técnica mínimamente invasiva, entre 2007 y 2012. Edad promedio: 40.17 años. Fracturas de tipo 23A3 (n=6) de la Clasificación AO/OTA. Se realizó la reducción indirecta, bajo radioscopia y, a través de dos pequeñas incisiones, se deslizó, en forma percutánea, una placa bloqueada volar en T. Se analizaron los parámetros radiográficos, el rango de movimiento y la fuerza. Los resultados subjetivos fueron evaluados usando la escala DASH y la escala analógica visual. Resultados: Tiempo de consolidación promedio: 2.4 meses. Los resultados radiográficos no mostraron diferencias significativas entre el primero y el último control al año de seguimiento. Flexión y extensión promedio: 70° y 60°, pronación y supinación: 79° y 80°, respectivamente. Fuerza de prensión promedio: 78,4%. Puntaje DASH 19,82; escala analógica visual 1,5 puntos. Conclusiones: Las técnicas mínimamente invasivas reducen el daño quirúrgico y las complicaciones. Son una opción en pacientes con daño grave de partes blandas, conminución metafisaria y trauma de alta energía. La colocación de placas volares bloqueadas percutáneas es un procedimiento técnicamente demandante, permite obtener fijaciones estables y restaurar la anatomía radial en fracturas de radio distal con extensión metafisaria.

Objective: To evaluate objective and subjective outcomes after closed reduction and minimally invasive volar locked T-plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures with metaphyseal involvement. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated six patients treated with minimally invasive volar locked T-plate osteosynthesis for unstable extra-articular or partial articular distal radius fractures with metaphyseal involvement, between 2007 and 2012. Average age: 40.17 years. According to the AO/OTA classification, all patients had 23A3 type fractures. Indirect reduction was performed. Two volar small incisions were made; a volar locked compression T-plate was introduced in the sub-muscular plane, under radioscopic guidance. Analysis included radiological parameters, range of motion and strength. Subjective results were assessed using DASH score and the Visual Analogue Scale. Results: All fractures healed within 2.4 months. Radiographic outcomes showed no differences between the first postoperative control and the last one at one-year follow-up. Average flexion and extension 70° and 60°, pronation and supination: 79° and 80°. Grip strength: 78.4%. DASH score 19.82 and visual analogue scale: 1.5 points. Conclusions: Minimally invasive technique decreases surgical injury and complications. It is an option in patients with metaphyseal comminution, severe soft tissue injuries and high energy trauma. Percutaneous volar locked compression plate allows to obtain a stable fixation and to restore distal radius anatomy in radius fractures with metaphyseal involvement.

The Short-term Clinical Outcome of Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Short Metaphyseal Loading Femoral Stem / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the short-term clinical and radiological outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with short metaphyseal loading femoral stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 56 cases in 47 patients who had undergone THA with short metaphyseal loading femoral stem from April 2010 to December 2011. There were 20 males and 27 females. The mean age was 54 years (range, 26-77 years). The average follow up period was 4.6 years. Clinical results were evaluated by Harris hip scores (HHS) before the operation and at the last follow-up. Radiographic analysis was done by evaluating osteolysis, loosening, stress shielding, and alignement. RESULTS: The mean HHS significantly improved from 45 (range, 15-58) preoperatively to 98 (range, 85-100) at the last follow-up. In radiographic analyses, there was no evidence of osteolysis or loosening around the stems and the acetabuluar components. All cases showed rounding off of the calcar, grade 1 bone resorption of the proximal femur. With regard to implant alignment, 51 femoral component (91.1%) were in neutral position, and 5 (8.9%) were in varus position. There was 1 intraoperative fracture treated by cerclage wiring and no case was revised during follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Although longer follow-up is needed to confirm the durability of the short metaphyseal loading femoral stem, this short stem might provide stable fixation without diaphyseal fixation and demonstrated good clinical result at mean 4.6 year short term follow-up.

Condrodisplasia metafisaria tipo Schmid: presentación de un caso / Schimd methaphyseal chondrodysplasia: a case presentation

Fundamento: condrodisplasia metafisaria tipo Schmid, forma parte de las displasias óseas poco frecuentes. Se caracteriza por talla baja, genu varum, pélvis pequeña, cifoescoliosis progresiva, deformidad de la muñeca, miopía, huesos largos cortos y displasia metafisaria grave, con cambios moderados en la columna y cambios mínimos en las manos y los pies. Objetivo: presentar un caso con diagnóstico de displasia ósea tratado por un equipo multidisciplinario para su posterior corrección quirúrgica. Caso clínico: paciente femenina de tres años de edad, con deformidad en miembros inferiores que le provocan baja talla por genu varum. Los antecedentes familiares no refieren datos de interés. En los antecedentes personales prenatales, perinatales y posnatales se encontró que el desarrollo fue normal hasta los 16 meses que comienza a caminar y se observa ligera deformidad que fue aumentando. Conclusiones: la condrodisplasia metafisaria tipo Schmid es una enfermedad hereditaria poco frecuente que se presenta con un patrón de herencia autonómico dominante. Al no existir otro miembro de la familia afectado, se planteó que en este caso ocurrió una nueva mutación o mutación de novo. Es necesario indagar acerca de su presencia en un paciente con deformidad severa de miembros inferiores, con estudio renal y bioquímicos normales. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico precoz, tratamiento y seguimiento multidisciplinario para corregir la deformidad con tratamiento quirúrgico.

Background: methaphyseal chondrodysplasia is a type of non-frequent bone dysplasia. It is characterized by short stature, genu varum, small pelvis, progressive kyphoscoliosis, wrist deformities, myopia, short long bones and serious methaphyseal dysplasia with moderate changes in the back and minimal changes in hands and feet. Objective: to present the case of a patient with the diagnosis of bone dysplasia treated by a multidisciplinary medical team for a subsequent surgical correction. Clinical case: a three-year-old female patient with a deformity in the lower limbs that causes short stature by genu varum. There was no information of interest in the family medical history. The medical history of the patient showed a normal prenatal, perinatal and postnatal development until she turned 16 months old and started to walk presenting a slight deformity that increased. Conclusions: Schmid methaphyseal chondrodysplasia is an uncommon hereditary disease with a dominant autosomal heredity pattern. Since no other member in the family was affected, there was a De novo mutation in this case. It is necessary to search for its presence in a patient with a serious deformity in the lower limbs with normal biochemical and renal studies. It is important to make an early diagnosis as well as to carry out a treatment and a multidisciplinary follow-up to correct the deformity by means of surgical treatment.

A study of MIPO by locking compression plate fixation in the management of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures.

Background: Management of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures has been a difficult area because of the subcutaneous position of tibia. Exposure of implant has been a major problem in open reduction and fixation of these fractures. Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) is an established technique for fixation of fractures of the distal third tibia. Our study is aimed at management of intra-articular and extra-articular fractures of the distal third tibia by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis technique by locking compression plate and follow them prospectively. Clinical and radiological outcomes were studied and clinical indications & efficacy of the procedure reviewed. Methods: From June 2012 to May 2014, 22 patients of closed distal tibial metaphyseal fractures were operated by MIPO technique with a distal tibial locking compression plate having 4.5/5 proximal and 3.5/4 distal screw holes. The follow up duration was for 2 years at our hospital. Results: The mean fracture healing time was 5.5 months (range 4-13months). We had 90% of union rate with good ankle movements and walking distance in 75% of the patients. Pos-operatively we had complications of, superficial infection occurred in 2 patients, implant failure in 1 patient leading to non-union and delayed union in 1-patient each. Conclusion: MIPO technique provides good, stable fixation of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures. Although slightly delayed bone healing, MIPO decreases the incidence of non- union and need for bone grafting. This technique should be used in distal tibia fractures where locked nailing cannot be done like fractures with small distal metaphyseal fragments, vertical splits, markedly comminuted fractures and in fractures with intra-articular extension.

Condrodisplasia metafisaria tipo Schmid: un caso de presentación familiar / Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: a case of familial presentation

Resumen: dentro de las displasias óseas hay cuadros clínicos que hacen parte de las denominadas condrodisplasias metafisarias, conocidas también como disostosis metafisarias, las cuales presentan mínimas diferencias entre sí, lo que las hace susceptibles de ser confundidas con otros cuadros clínicos como la acondroplasia y el raquitismo. En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de condrodisplasiametafisaria tipo Schmid de un paciente de Popayán, Colombia, al igual que algunas consideracionessobre las principales características clínicas, radiológicas, de diagnóstico y tipo de herencia de esta enfermedad. El caso clínico corresponde a un paciente de género masculino de 23 meses de edad, en quien se inician estudios por la presencia de talla baja desproporcionada. Los resultados mostraron coxa vara, genu varo y extremidades cortas, con un fenotipo similar en la madre y el abuelo materno. Las radiografías evidencian la presencia de irregularidad con “deshilachamiento” de las metáfisis de huesos largos; además, ensanchamiento y esclerosis en las metáfisis proximales de ambos fémur. La meta final es ser confirmado por medio de pruebas genéticas. En conclusión, las condrodisplasias metafisarias, especialmente la tipo Schmid, son enfermedades caracterizadas por talla baja y hallazgos radiológicos especiales, dados principalmente por el compromiso metafisario a nivel de los huesos largos, que en conjunto con las características fenotípicas pueden conducir a la sospecha e identificación de este tipo de patología.

Abstract: between the dysplastic bone pathologies there are some medical conditions that belong to so-called metaphyseal chondrodysplasias, also known as metaphyseal dysostosis. These differ slightly from each other, making them capable of being confused with other medical conditions such as achondroplasia and rickets. This article presents a case of Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasiafrom Popayan, Colombia, as well as some considerations about the main clinical characteristics, radiological, diagnosis, and type of inheritance of this disease. The clinical case corresponds to a male patient, 23 months old, who was studied by the presence of disproportionate short stature. Findings showed coxa vara, genu varus, and short limbs, with similar phenotype to the mother and maternal grandfather. The radiological images showed the presence of irregularity with ®fraying¼ of the metaphysis of long bones, in addition to widening and sclerosis in the proximal metaphysis of both femurs. The ultimate goal is to be confirmed by genetic testing. In conclusion, the metaphyseal chondrodysplasias, especially Schmid type, are diseases characterized by short stature and by special radiological findings, mainly given by the metaphyseal affectation of long bones, which together with the phenotypic characteristics may lead to the suspicion and identification of this disease.Keywords: Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, osteochondrodysplasias, collagen type.

Long-term Follow-up of Metaphyseal Sclerotic Lines in Children Treated with Pamidronate

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonates are widely used for the management steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIO) in children. With the increasing use of bisphosphonates, there have been reports of abnormal radiological findings in the growing skeleton. Therefore, their use in pediatric patients remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the long-term follow-up radiographic features, particularly metaphyseal sclerotic lines, in children who receive pamidronate therapy for nephropathy. METHODS: Twenty-four children with nephropathy treated with oral calcium and pamidronate (mean duration, 9 months; dose, 100 mg daily), were evaluated retrospectively. All patients had SIO secondary to chronic glucocorticoid therapy for treating nephropathy. Long bone radiographic imaging was performed before treatment with pamidronate, and at follow-up, several years later. Physeal growth rates were estimated by measuring the distance that the sclerotic lines moved on the radiographs during the corresponding time intervals. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 138 months. Long bone radiographs showed well-defined sclerotic lines at the metaphyseal ends, progressively moving from the physeal plate to the diaphysis, in all patients. The mean rate of movement of the sclerotic line was 6.21 mm per year. In 12 patients, the lines disappeared. The mean rate of growth in height was 7.33 cm per year. CONCLUSIONS: Results of long-term follow-up suggest that the metaphyseal sclerotic lines associated with pamidronate treatment tend to disappear without affecting overall skeletal growth. Bisphosphonate treatment for SIO in children with nephropathy seems to be safe, although further studies in larger number of patients are needed.

Closed Reduction and Cast Immobilization for the Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture: Does Dorsal Metaphyseal Comminution Predict Radiographic and Functional Outcomes?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dorsal metaphyseal comminution and the radiographic and functional outcomes of patients with distal radius fractures treated by closed reduction and cast immobilization. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with acute distal radius fractures were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of this patient group was 62.8 years (range, 45-87 years). Eighteeen cases were AO type-A3 and 8 were AO type-A2. Radiographic and functional parameters were analyzed and compared between the patients who presented with or without dorsal metaphyseal comminution on their initial radiographs in order to assess the clinical outcomes. The radiographic parameters included radial inclination, radial length, volar/dorsal tilt, and ulnar variance. In order to measure the functional outcomes, each patient's range of motion, grip strength, Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DSAH), visual analog scale (VAS), and Mayo score were determined. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (65%) presented with dorsal metaphyseal comminution on the initial radiographs. Radial inclination, radial length, and volar/dorsal tilt were decreased and ulnar variance was increased on the final radiographs in comparison with the postreduction. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups that presented with or without dorsal metaphyseal comminution (p>0.05). None of the functional parameters (i.e., range of motion, grip strength, DASH, Mayo, and VAS score) were significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Dorsal metaphyseal comminution seems to have no significant impact on radiographic and functional outcomes when closed reduction and cast immobilization was planned for the treatment of distal radius fracture.

Comparative Analysis of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis Using Periarticular Plate and Intramedullary Nailing in Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fractures

PURPOSE: To compare results between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a periarticular plate and intramedullary nailing in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in two treatment groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one cases of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures from December 2008 to December 2009 were evaluated. The minimal follow-up period was 12 months. Thirty patients treated by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a periarticular plate were Group A; 31 patients treated by intramedullary nailing were Group B. We compared and analyzed the results of each group by radiological and clinical assessments. RESULTS: The mean bony union time was 16.4 weeks in Group A and 17.2 weeks in Group B. The mean operation time was 45 minutes in Group A and 48 minutes in Group B. The mean radiation exposure times were 4.2 minutes and 4.8 minutes, respectively. VAS scores were 0.7 points and 0.5 points in each respective group. In Group A, the VAS score was 1.7 points when we applied pressure on the skin around the plate. The mean Olerud and Molander Ankle Score was 87.4 points and 86.3 points, respectively. A superficial wound infection occurred in 1 case in each group, and angular deformities more than 5 degrees occurred in 2 Group B cases. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in results were observed between the two groups. However, a higher incidence of angular deformity was seen in the intramedullary nailing group. Therefore, we must be careful during surgery.

Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for Humeral Proximal or Distal Shaft Fractures Using a 3.5/5.0 Metaphyseal Locking Plate

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to investigate the clinical and radiological results of humerus proximal or distal shaft fractures treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) using a 3.5/5.0 metaphyseal locking plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical and radiographic records of 17 patients with humeral proximal or distal shaft fractures who had undergone 3.5/5.0 metaphyseal locking plate osteosynthesis with a minimally invasive technique. We evaluated the results with respect to the anatomical reduction and union of the humerus shaft fracture through radiologic studies. We also evaluated the clinical results using the motion of shoulder and elbow functional outcome, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Complete union was achieved in all cases. The mean union time was 14.2 weeks. According to the functional outcome rated by the ASES score and MEPS, 15 cases were considered excellent and 2 cases were good. There were no cases of surgically-related complications like metal failure, loss of anatomical reduction, or postoperative nerve injuries. CONCLUSION: Using a 5.0 metaphyseal locking plate for humerus shaft fracture has the limitation that difficulties can arise in achieving sufficient screw fixation for small bony fragments. The 3.5/5.0 metaphyseal locking plate used in MIPO for humerus 1/3 proximal or distal shaft fractures was concluded to give good clinical and radiologic results.

Cartilage-hair Hypoplasia Caused by Novel Compound Heterozygous RMRP Mutations.

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a rare, autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, caused by mutations in the RMRP gene. The skeletal abnormalities include irregular metaphyses and cone shaped epiphyses of the hands. Molecular diagnosis confirmed two novel RMRP mutations in a compound heterozygous state in two siblings with this condition.

Axial Malalignment after Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis in Distal Femur Fractures with Metaphyseal Comminution / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: We wanted to report on the functional results and the presence of axial malalignment after performing minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in distal femur fractures with metaphyseal comminution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and June 2009, fifteen patients with distal femur fractures and metaphyseal comminution were treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis, and they were followed for a mean of 17.0 months (range: 12-40 months). The fractures according to the AO/OTA classification were two cases of 33A and thirteen cases of 33C, and seven cases were open fracture. We analyzed the axial malalignment and functional results according to bone union and Sanders' score. RESULTS: All the fractures were united without a bone graft after a mean of 20.4 weeks (range: 16-26 weeks) after the definitive plate fixation. One case had superficial infection and a stiff knee. The average ROM of the knee was 123.6degrees. The average Sanders' score was 33.0, and the results were five cases of excellent results, eight cases of good results and two cases of fair results. There was axial malalignment such as varus malunion in 3 cases and valgus malunion in 2 cases and the average shortening of the limb length was 7.9 mm (range: 0.3-21.9 mm). CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in a distal femur fracture with metaphyseal comminution provides satisfactory outcomes. However, this should be approached with caution because of the possibility of axial malalignment.

Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen Syndrome.

Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder, characterized by progressive spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia associated with mental retardation. The clinical and radiological findings resembles Morquio disease at the onset of condition, which may hinder its diagnosis. Two siblings with chatacteristic clinical (progressive postnatal dwarfism and mental retardation) and radiological features (irregular lace-like appearance of the iliac crests) are reported.

A Newborn with Lethal Metatropic Dysplasia

Metatropic dysplasia is a rare spondylo epi metaphyseal dysplasia characterized by progressive kyphoscoliosis, short limbs with relatively large hands and feet and limited of motion and enlargement of the large joints. It is diagnosed based on the characteristic clinical and radiological features. Even though benign cases of this disease are frequently reported, metatropic dysplasia can often have a fatal outcome. We describe a sporadic case of the well-delineated lethal metatropic dysplasia.

Surgical Treatment of Ulnar Metaphyseal Fracture Associated with Distal Radius Fracture in Osteoporotic Patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of operative treatment for the unstable ulnar metaphyseal fractures associated with a distal radius fracture in osteoporotic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study was done on 10 patients with a ulnar metaphyseal fracture which was remained unstable after reduction and fixation of the distal radius fracture between March 2002 and Feb 2006. The average age was 72 years old. The mean follow up period was 25 months. Of 5 cases of Biayni type 1, 2, 3 fracture, 4 cases were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning and one with open reduction and internal fixation with plate. All type 4 fractures were treated with ulnar resection. Range of motion, visual analogue scale for pain and grip strength were measured and clinical results were evaluated by Cooney's method. RESULTS: In ulnar fixation group, average motion was 68.5, 45.5, 65.3 and 75.8 degrees for flexion, extension, supination and pronation, respectively. The average grip strength was 102% of uninjured hand. In ulnar resection group, average motion was 65.5, 50.4, 75.2 and 75.5 degrees for flexion, extension, supination and pronation, respectively. The mean grip strength was 86.7% of uninjured hand. According to Cooney's method, there were excellent in one patient, good in seven, fair in one and poor in one. Fair and poor results were noted in case of AO type C fractures. CONCLUSION: Unstable ulnar metaphyseal fractures associated with distal radius fractures in osteoporotic patients can be treated successfully with ulnar fixation or resection. Ulnar resection is useful option in selected cases such as severe comminuted fractures.